In the era of artificial intelligence (AI), the issue of replaceability of traditional medical illustrations in hepatic surgery has attracted widespread attention. Medical illustrations integrate both artistic expression and medical visualization functions, and are widely applied in scenarios such as surgical operation records, schematic diagrams and illustrative notes in medical journals. They play a vital role in the inheritance of medical knowledge and the popularization of surgical techniques. With the advancement of digital technology, medical visualization has gradually transformed from traditional hand-drawn illustrations to digital imaging. A complete training and certification system for medical illustrators has been established in some developed countries, whereas the overall development level in this field remains relatively weak in China. In recent years, AI drawing technology has enabled efficient and batch generation of medical illustrations, and whether it can replace traditional medical illustrations has become a heated focus of discussion. This article reviews the application advantages and limitations of traditional medical illustrations and AI drawing technology, so as to provide a reference for peers in hepatic surgery and related fields.

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