Objective To investigate the protective effect of continuous intrauterine physiological saline infusion on endometrium during microwave ablation for adenomyosis. Methods A total of 46 patients with adenomyosis who underwent microwave ablation were enrolled as the study subjects. They were divided into a study group (n=26) and a control group (n=20) by using the random number table method. The control group received microwave ablation alone, while the study group received additional intrauterine physiological saline perfusion on the basis of conventional microwave ablation. Endometrial perfusion injury, endometrial dehydration and ablation rate at 1 week after operation, as well as the occurrence of adverse reactions during the operation and at 1-year follow-up were compared between the two groups. Results The incidence and severity of endometrial perfusion injury, as well as the degree of endometrial dehydration in the study group were lower or less than those in the control group (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the ablation rate or the overall incidence of adverse reactions during the operation and at 3 months after operation between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Continuous intrauterine physiological saline perfusion during microwave ablation for adenomyosis can reduce endometrial injury and alleviate the degree of endometrial dehydration, with no significant effect on the ablation efficacy.

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