Objective To explore the protective effect of γ-interferon on ureteral injury caused by extracorporeal shock wave. Method 64 rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups: treatment group ( n = 16) ,model group ( n = 16) ,drug group ( n = 16) , and sham operation group ( n = 16) . 4 among each group were selected randomly and sacrificed 14 d,21 d,28 d and 35 d after modeling and administration. Ureteral samples were taken for conventional pathological exam and were scored,and their ureteral smooth muscle contractility were measured. Results There existed difference among the treatment group and model group and sham operation in qualified pathological score and smooth muscle contractility. Conclusion γ-interferon can prevent and treat ESWL induced ureteral injury and fibrosis.